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31 Years Of Superior Fiber Optic Services And Products

 

 

 

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This text is an investment that returns many times its cost!

 

 

 

 

Mastering Fiber Optic Connector Installation

-The Guide To Low Loss, Low Cost, And High Reliability

 

 

ISBN 97466470699

$39 plus shipping and handling

 

Installers must be successful. In fiber optic connector installation, success means achieving three goals:

low power loss

low installation cost

high reliability

The installer achieves these goals by developing specific abilities. Developing such abilities requires both basic and subtle knowledge of installation processes. Of course, communication of such knowledge requires a writer with significant experience in both connector installation and training.

The author, Eric R. Pearson, has this significant experience. During his 34 years in fiber optic communications, the author has installed or supervised, inspected and tested, more than 46,000 connectors. He has trained more than 7000 installers in 509 presentations. From this extensive experience in installation and training, you cannot help learning the knowledge you need to be successful!

This 135-page, training and field manual leads you to success by its structure and content. Its structure of nine chapters guides you through successively increased understanding and knowledge, so that learning occurs in stages.

Chapters 1 and 2 present general knowledge. Chapter 3 presents essential and subtle knowledge on installation procedures. Chapters  5-8 present step-by-step (or cookbook-like) procedures for the four most-commonly used installation methods. These procedures can be used for both field installation and for training. These chapters include instructions on what to do, cautions, and instructions on what-not-to-do. These cautions and instructions on what-not-to-do result from the authorÕs observations of the mistakes commonly-made by more than 7000 installers during training.

Chapter 4 presents the procedure for inspecting, rating, and diagnosing problems for connectors that require polishing. Chapters 4-8 include troubleshooting  guides that simplify and accelerate identification of causes of problems and high loss.

This manual is a comprehensive and easy to use training text, In addition to the clear and concise presentation, Chapters 2-8 contain review questions that reinforce knowledge and understanding. A detailed description of these chapters appears below in the AuthorÕs Preface.

 

ABILITIES

With this manual, you are able to:

1.         Choose the connector installation method that best meets your requirements

2.         Know the cost impact of that choice

3.         Be successful when installing connectors with the 4 methods of epoxy, quick cure adhesive, hot melt adhesive, and cleave and crimp.

4.         Recognize a ÔgoodÕ connector when inspecting with a microscope

5.         Recognize the cause of defective connectors

6.         Choose the proper tools

7.         Use tools properly

8.         Troubleshoot high loss connectors

 

BY THE NUMBERS

9 Chapters    135 pages    208 figures   5 procedures              181 review questions

Text based on 28 years of connector experience and 21 years of development

 

WHO WILL BENEFIT

Installation personnel Supervisors  Trainers

 

WHERE TO USE

Field work     Installer Certification           Training

 

BECOME CONFIDENT AND SUCCESSFUL!

This clear, concise, and comprehensive training and field manual guides you to success. With the knowledge and confidence youÕll gain with this text, youÕll work efficiently and quickly. YouÕll recognize and correct problems to avoid high power loss, high installation cost, and reduced reliability.

 

CERTIFICATION

Installer certification results in increased reliability and, in some cases, increased income for the installer. This text enables passing the connector portion of the Fiber Optic Association (FOA) certification examinations for: CFOT, CFxT, AFOT, and CFOS/C. This text helps you join the more than 33,000 individuals certified by the FOA.

 

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Eric R. Pearson, CFOS/C/T/S

 

 

From The AuthorÕs Preface

Installing fiber optic connectors is not difficult: when my two sons were 10 and 13, I trained them to install connectors. They achieved the three goals of installation: low power loss, low installation cost, and high reliability. They did so, even though they had their CD players plugged into their ears! (Now IÕve dated myself!)

This text guides you to achieve these three goals. This is no idle boast: in training installers, I have observed the results and refined these procedures to include only those instructions that work for almost all trainees. The procedures in this manual reflect refinement from 21 years of training, more than 500 presentations, and more than 7900 trainees. With very few exceptions, all trainees have achieved these three goals! So will you.

This text guides you through successively increased understanding and knowledge, from basic to subtle. Chapter 1 provides the basic understanding of connectors in the network. Chapter 2 provides a detailed understanding of the language of fiber connectors: their functions, structure, performance, types, similarities, advantages, and installation methods. With this understanding, you can understand Chapter 3.

Chapter 3 presents the principles of installation for four commonly used methods. This understanding of the principles underlying the procedures has three benefits. First, you know the consequences of failure to follow the instructions. Second, you are more likely to follow the instructions than you would be without this understanding. Third, you perform troubleshooting with an extensive understanding of the potential causes of high loss and low reliability.

Chapter 4 presents instructions for inspecting connectors that require polishing. These instructions show you how to inspect, rate, and diagnose causes of high loss. With this chapter, you can easily identify causes of high loss and appropriate corrective actions.

Chapters 5-8  present detailed instructions for four commonly used methods. Each set of instructions guides you to achieve the three goals.

These instructions include Ôdo not doÕsÕ and cautions. These Ôdo not doÕsÕ and cautions help you avoid the commonly-made errors IÕve observed during training of more than 7000 installers. With minor modifications, these chapters can be used to install or train with any connector available.

In addition, each chapter contains two useful sections: a troubleshooting section and a one-page summary. The troubleshooting section helps you recognize the symptom of an error and identify the step(s) at which the error occurred. This section speeds up achieving the three goals. During field installations, you can use a copy of the one page summary as a guide and reminder.

Chapter 5 presents installation and polishing of multimode connectors. In addition, it contains polishing instructions for singlemode epoxy and quick cure adhesive connectors to achieve 0 dB reflectance. Chapter 6 presents installation and polishing of multimode connectors with quick cure adhesive. Chapter 7 presents installation and polishing of multimode connectors with hot melt adhesive. Chapter 8 presents installation of both multimode and singlemode connectors with the no-polish, no adhesive method, also known as the Ôcleave and crimpÕ method.

This manual contains review questions for Chapters  to assist you and the trainer in assessing and reinforcing understanding. When used prior to hands on training, these questions can lead to excellent results, both in training and in field installation.

For subjects beyond the scope of this manual, this manual contains references to Professional Fiber Optic Installation. Such references appear as: PFOI, section number. For example, (PFOI, 8.3).

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

AUTHORÕS PREFACE

 

1             ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS 

1.1         PRIME FUNCTION          

1.2         FIBER        

1.2.1      Core           

1.2.2      Cladding   

1.2.3      Primary Coating  

1.3         CABLE       

1.3.1      Attachment Methods       

1.3.2      Designs     

1.3.3      Basic Assumption           

 

2             CONNECTORS     

2.1         INTRODUCTION 

2.2         FUNCTION           

2.3         STRUCTURES    

2.3.1      Ferrules     

2.3.2      Latching Structures         

2.3.3      Mating Structures 

2.3.4      Key 

2.3.5      Back Shell

2.3.6      Boot

2.3.7      Crimp Sleeve       

2.3.8      Simplex And Duplex       

2.3.9      Ferrule Cap          

2.3.10    Colors        

2.4         PERFORMANCE 

2.4.1      dB Per Pair           

2.4.2      Maximum loss      

2.4.3      Typical Loss         

2.4.4      Repeatability        

2.4.5      Reflectance          

2.5         TYPES       

2.5.1      SFF Connectors   

2.5.2      Common Types   

2.5.3      Legacy Connectors         

2.6         INSTALLATION  METHODS       

2.6.1      Epoxy         

2.6.2      Hot Melt     

2.6.3      Quick Cure Adhesive     

2.6.4      Crimp AND POLISH       

2.6.5      Cleave And Crimp          

2.6.6      Pigtail Splicing     

2.6.7      Fuse On Connectors       

2.7         SUMMARY 

2.8         REVIEW QUESTIONS    

 

3             INSTALLATION PRINCIPLES     

3.1         INTRODUCTION 

3.2         CABLE END PREPARATION    

3.2.1      Dimensions          

3.2.2      Fiber Preparation

3.3         ADHESIVES          

3.3.1      Epoxy         

3.3.2      Quick Cure Adhesives   

3.3.3      Hot Melt Adhesive           

3.3.4      Fiber Insertion     

3.4         END FINISHING  

3.4.1      Fiber Removal     

3.4.2      Air Polishing         

3.4.3      Pad Polishing       

3.5         CLEAVE AND CRIMP INSTALLATION 

3.5.1      Cleaving    

3.5.2      Insertion    

3.5.3      Crimping   

3.6         SUMMARY 

3.7         REVIEW QUESTIONS    

 

4             INSPECTION         

4.1         APPLICABILITY    

4.2         EQUIPMENT         

4.3         PROCEDURE      

4.3.1      Cleaning   

4.3.2      Viewing Instructions        

4.3.3      Back Light 

4.4         EVALUATION CRITERIA

4.4.1      Core           

4.4.2      Everywhere Else  

4.4.3      Bad Clad? Be Glad!        

4.4.4      Ferrule Features  

4.4.5      Connector Disposition    

4.5         TROUBLESHOOTING    

4.5.1      Dirt On Connector           

4.5.2      Faint Stains On Connector        

4.5.3      No Fiber Found   

4.5.4      Core Does Not Backlight           

4.6         REVIEW QUESTIONS    

 

5             EPOXY INSTALLATION  

5.1         INTRODUCTION 

5.2         MATERIALS          

5.3         PROCEDURE      

5.3.1      Set Up Oven         

5.3.2      Preinstall Cable   

5.3.3      Remove Jacket   

5.3.4      Install Boots And Sleeves          

5.3.5      Prepare Epoxy     

5.3.6      Prepare End         

5.3.7      Clean Fiber          

5.3.8      Fiber Strength Test         

5.3.9      Connector Tests  

5.3.10    Epoxy Injection    

5.3.11    Fiber Insertion     

5.3.12    Crimp Sleeve       

5.3.13    Connector Insertion        

5.3.14    Remove Excess Fiber    

5.3.15    Air Polish   

5.3.16    Multimode Polish 

5.3.17    Final Cleaning     

5.3.18    Inspection 

5.3.19    White Light Test   

5.3.20    Final Assembly    

5.3.21    Singlemode Polishing    

5.3.22    Final Cleaning     

5.3.23    Inspection 

5.4         TROUBLESHOOTING    

5.4.1      Installation

5.4.2      Polishing   

5.4.3      Singlemode Polishing    

5.5         SUMMARY 

5.5.1      Installation

5.5.2      Multimode Polish 

5.5.3      Singlemode Polish         

 

6             QUICK CURE ADHESIVE INSTALLATION        

6.1         INTRODUCTION 

6.2         MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES    

6.3         PROCEDURE      

6.3.1      Preinstall Cable   

6.3.2      Remove Jacket   

6.3.3      Install Boots And Sleeves          

6.3.4      Prepare Adhesive           

6.3.5      Prepare End         

6.3.6      Clean Fiber          

6.3.7      Connector Tests  

6.3.8      Inject Adhesive    

6.3.9      Primer Application          

6.3.10    Fiber Insertion     

6.3.11    Crimp Sleeve       

6.3.12    Create Bead         

6.3.13    Remove Fiber      

6.3.14    Air Polish   

6.3.15    Multimode Polish 

6.3.16    Singlemode Polishing    

6.4         FINAL CLEANING

6.4.1      Best Method          

6.4.2      Method B   

6.4.3      Method C   

6.4.4      Inspection 

6.4.5      White Light Test   

6.5         FINAL ASSEMBLY           

6.6         TROUBLESHOOTING    

6.6.1      Installation

6.6.2      Polishing   

6.6.3      Singlemode Polishing    

6.7         SUMMARY 

6.7.1      Installation

6.7.2      Multimode Polish 

6.7.3      Finish Installation

 

7             HOT MELT ADHESIVE INSTALLATION

7.1         INTRODUCTION 

7.2         MATERIALS          

7.3         PROCEDURE      

7.3.1      Preinstall Cable   

7.3.2      Set Up Oven         

7.3.3      Load Holders       

7.3.4      Remove Outer Jacket    

7.3.5      Install Boots          

7.3.6      Prepare End         

7.3.7      Clean Fiber          

7.3.8      Pre-Heating          

7.3.9      Insert Fiber           

7.3.10    Remove Excess Fiber    

7.3.11    Air Polishing         

7.3.12    Multimode Polishing       

7.3.13    Singlemode Polishing    

7.4         SC CRIMP SLEEVE        

7.5         FINAL CLEANING

7.5.1      Best Method          

7.6         CAP INSTALLATION       

7.7         INSPECTION        

7.8         WHITE LIGHT TEST        

7.9         SC FINAL ASSEMBLY     

7.10       SALVAGE  

7.10.1    Procedure 

7.10.2    Modified Procedure         

7.11       TROUBLESHOOTING    

7.11.1    Installation

7.11.2    Polishing   

7.12       ONE PAGE SUMMARY   

7.12.1    Installation

7.12.2    Multimode Polishing       

 

8             CLEAVE AND CRIMP INSTALLATION  

8.1         INTRODUCTION 

8.2         MATERIALS          

8.3         PROCEDURE      

8.3.1      Remove Jacket   

8.3.2      Load Tool  

8.3.3      Prepare Fiber End          

8.3.4      Prepare Cleaver  

8.3.5      Clean Fiber          

8.3.6      Cleave Fiber        

8.3.7      Install Fiber          

8.3.8      VFL Evaluation    

8.3.9      SC Final Assembly         

8.4         ST-ª COMPATIBLE PROCEDURE     

8.5         TEST LOSS          

8.6         TROUBLESHOOTING    

8.6.1      52 mm Mark Closer To Lead In Tube Than 2 mm   

8.6.2      High Loss  

8.7         SUMMARY 

 

9             REVIEW QUESTIONS      

9.1         GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS      

9.2         CHAPTER 5          

9.3         CHAPTER 6          

9.4         CHAPTER 7          

9.5         CHAPTER 8          

 

10          APPENDICES        

10.1       REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS          

10.2       CHAPTER 2          

10.3       CHAPTER 3          

10.4       CHAPTER 4          

10.5       CHAPTER 5          

10.6       CHAPTER 6          

10.7       CHAPTER 7          

10.8       CHAPTER 8          

10.9       CONNECTORS   

10.10     GLOSSARY           

10.11     ACRONYMS          

10.12     THE AUTHOR      

10.13     SERVICES